Thalassemia is an inherited blood disease caused by defective hemoglobin production, which causes an insufficient supply of oxygen by red blood cells. This results in anemia, which causes symptoms such as tiredness, weakness, and pale skin. This condition affects approximately 4.4 out of every 10,000 live births worldwide, with prevalence in countries like Iraq, Uzbekistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Liberia. Thalassemia's global prevalence emphasizes its importance as a public health issue, particularly in areas with high rates of consanguineous marriage. Types of Thalassemia · Alpha-thalassemia: It is caused by irregularities in the alpha-globin genes and can range from silent carriers to severe cases such as Alpha-Thalassemia Major. · Beta-thalassemia: It is caused by mutations in the beta-globin genes and is classified into three types: minor, intermediate, and...